| | Goals,
targets and indicators
A framework of 8 goals, 18 targets
and 48 indicators to measure progress towards the Millennium Development goals
was adopted by a consensus of experts from the United Nations Secretariat and
IMF, OECD and the World Bank. (
Road Map towards the Implementation of the United Nations Millennium Declaration,
A/56/326 [PDF, 450KB])
Each indicator below is linked to millennium data
series as well as to background series related to the target in question.
For a description of the monitoring process, see About
the Millennium Development Goals.
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Target 1.
Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day
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 | Indicators
1. Proportion of population below $1 (1993 PPP) per
day (World Bank)a
2. Poverty gap ratio [incidence x depth of poverty]
(World Bank)
3. Share of poorest quintile in national consumption (World
Bank) |
Target 2.
Halve, between 1990 and 2015,
the proportion of people who suffer from hunger
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| Indicators
4. Prevalence of underweight children under five years
of age (UNICEF-WHO)
5. Proportion of population below minimum level
of dietary energy consumption (FAO) | |
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| | Target 3.
Ensure
that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete
a full course of primary schooling
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| Indicators
6. Net enrolment ratio in primary education (UNESCO)
7. Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach grade 5 (UNESCO)b
8. Literacy rate of 15-24 year-olds (UNESCO) | |
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| | Target 4.
Eliminate gender
disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels
of education no later than 2015
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| Indicators
9. Ratio of girls to boys in primary, secondary and
tertiary education (UNESCO)
10. Ratio of literate women to men, 15-24
years old (UNESCO)
11. Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural
sector (ILO)
12. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament
(IPU) | |
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| | Target 5.
Reduce by two thirds, between
1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate
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| Indicators
13. Under-five mortality rate (UNICEF-WHO)
14.
Infant mortality rate (UNICEF-WHO)
15. Proportion of 1 year-old
children immunized against measles (UNICEF-WHO) | |
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| | Target 6.
Reduce by three quarters,
between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio
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| Indicators
16. Maternal mortality ratio (UNICEF-WHO)
17.
Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel (UNICEF-WHO) |
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| | Target 7.
Have halted by
2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
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| Indicators
18. HIV prevalence among pregnant women aged 15-24 years
(UNAIDS-WHO-UNICEF)
19. Condom use rate of the contraceptive prevalence
rate (UN Population Division)c
19a. Condom use at last high-risk sex
(UNICEF-WHO)
19b. Percentage of population aged 15-24 years with comprehensive
correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS (UNICEF-WHO)d
19c. Contraceptive prevalence
rate (UN Population Division)
20. Ratio of school attendance of orphans
to school attendance of non-orphans aged 10-14 years (UNICEF-UNAIDS-WHO) |
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Target 8.
Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of
malaria and other major diseases
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| Indicators
21. Prevalence and death rates associated with malaria
(WHO)
22. Proportion of population in malaria-risk areas using effective
malaria prevention and treatment measures (UNICEF-WHO)e
23. Prevalence
and death rates associated with tuberculosis (WHO)
24. Proportion of
tuberculosis cases detected and cured under DOTS (internationally recommended
TB control strategy) (WHO) | |
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| | Target 9.
Integrate
the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes
and reverse the loss of environmental resources
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| Indicators
25. Proportion of land area covered by forest (FAO)
26. Ratio of area protected to maintain biological diversity to surface
area (UNEP-WCMC)
27. Energy use (kg oil equivalent) per $1 GDP (PPP)
(IEA, World Bank)
28. Carbon dioxide emissions per capita (UNFCCC,
UNSD) and consumption of ozone-depleting CFCs (ODP tons) (UNEP-Ozone Secretariat)
29. Proportion of population using solid fuels (WHO) | |
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Target 10.
Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable
access to safe drinking water and sanitation
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| Indicators
30. Proportion of population with sustainable access
to an improved water source, urban and rural (UNICEF-WHO)
31. Proportion
of population with access to improved sanitation, urban and rural (UNICEF-WHO)
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Target 11.
By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the
lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers
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| Indicators
32. Proportion of households with access to secure tenure
(UN-HABITAT) | |
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| | Indicators for
targets 12-15 are given below in a combined list.
Target 12.
Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and
financial system.
Includes a commitment to good governance, development and
poverty reduction - both nationally and internationally Target 13.
Address the special needs of the least developed countries.
Includes: tariff
and quota-free access for least developed countries' exports; enhanced programme
of debt relief for heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) and cancellation of
official bilateral debt; and more generous ODA for countries committed to poverty
reduction Target 14.
Address the special needs of landlocked
developing countries and small island developing States (through the Programme
of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States and
the outcome of the twenty-second special session of the General Assembly) Target
15.
Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries
through national and international measures in order to make debt sustainable
in the long term Some of the indicators listed below are monitored separately
for the least developed countries (LDCs), Africa, landlocked developing countries
(LLDCs) and small island developing States (SIDS)
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| Indicators
Official development assistance (ODA)
33. Net
ODA, total and to LDCs, as percentage of OECD/Development Assistance Committee
(DAC) donors' gross national income (GNI)(OECD)
34. Proportion of total
bilateral, sector-allocable ODA of OECD/DAC donors to basic social services (basic
education, primary health care, nutrition, safe water and sanitation) (OECD)
35. Proportion of bilateral ODA of OECD/DAC donors that is untied (OECD)
36. ODA received in landlocked developing countries as a proportion of
their GNIs (OECD)
37. ODA received in small island developing States
as proportion of their GNIs (OECD) Market access
38. Proportion
of total developed country imports (by value and excluding arms) from developing
countries and from LDCs, admitted free of duty (UNCTAD, WTO, WB)
39.
Average tariffs imposed by developed countries on agricultural products and textiles
and clothing from developing countries (UNCTAD, WTO, WB)
40. Agricultural
support estimate for OECD countries as percentage of their GDP (OECD)
41.
Proportion of ODA provided to help build trade capacity (OECD, WTO)
Debt
sustainability
42. Total number of countries that have reached their
Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative (HIPC) decision points and number that
have reached their HIPC completion points (cumulative) (IMF - World Bank)
43. Debt relief committed under HIPC initiative (IMF-World Bank)
44.
Debt service as a percentage of exports of goods and services (IMF-World Bank) |
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Target 16.
In cooperation with developing countries, develop and implement
strategies for decent and productive work for youth
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| Indicators
45. Unemployment rate of young people aged 15-24 years,
each sex and total (ILO)f | |
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Target 17.
In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access
to affordable essential drugs in developing countries
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| Indicators
46. Proportion of population with access to affordable
essential drugs on a sustainable basis (WHO) | |
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Target 18.
In cooperation with the private sector, make available the
benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications
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Indicators
47. Telephone lines and cellular subscribers per 100
population (ITU)
48. Personal computers in use per 100 population and
Internet users per 100 population (ITU) | |
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Footnotes:
aFor monitoring country poverty trends, indicators based on national poverty lines
should be used, where available.
b An alternative indicator under development
is "primary completion rate".
c Among contraceptive methods, only
condoms are effective in preventing HIV transmission. Since the condom use rate
is only measured amongst women in union, it is supplemented by an indicator on
condom use in high-risk situations (indicator 19a) and an indicator on HIV/AIDS
knowledge (indicator 19b). Indicator 19c (contraceptive prevalence rate) is also
useful in tracking progress in other health, gender and poverty goals.
d This
indicator is defined as the percentage of population aged 15-24 who correctly
identify the two major ways of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV (using
condoms and limiting sex to one faithful, uninfected partner), who reject the
two most common local misconceptions about HIV transmission, and who know that
a healthy-looking person can transmit HIV. However, since there are currently
not a sufficient number of surveys to be able to calculate the indicator as defined
above, UNICEF, in collaboration with UNAIDS and WHO, produced two proxy indicators
that represent two components of the actual indicator. They are the following:
(a) percentage of women and men 15-24 who know that a person can protect herself
from HIV infection by "consistent use of condom"; (b) percentage of
women and men 15-24 who know a healthy-looking person can transmit HIV.
ePrevention to be measured by the percentage of children under 5 sleeping under
insecticide-treated bednets; treatment to be measured by percentage of children
under 5 who are appropriately treated.
f An improved measure of the target
for future years is under development by the International Labour Organization
(ILO).
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